Ethanol-based Signo Glassguard is made up of silicon dioxide molecules whose surface energy is modified by anti-bonding molecules. On application to the glass, silicon dioxide molecules from the coating and the glass surface start to bond together, releasing the anti-bonding molecules. These molecules migrate to the surface creating an ultra-smooth, protective outer layer, and changing the status of the glass from high to low energy. This low-energy status is fundamental to the repellent qualities offered by treated glass.